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What You Need to Know About Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Many women live with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) without even realizing it. Often, the first signs include irregular periods, increased facial hair, and persistent acne, particularly around the chin, upper lip, and sideburn areas.
PCOS is caused by a hormonal imbalance and may lead to the formation of small cysts on the ovaries. While these cysts are typically harmless, the resulting hormone fluctuations can cause infrequent or prolonged menstrual cycles, excess hair growth, acne, and even weight gain.
Early diagnosis is important. Without it, PCOS can lead to serious long-term health issues like type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
What Causes PCOS?
Doctors are still not completely sure what causes PCOS, but research points to several contributing factors:
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Excess Insulin: High insulin levels can cause the ovaries to produce more androgens (male hormones), which disrupt ovulation.
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Low-Grade Inflammation: Studies have found that women with PCOS often show signs of inflammation, which may stimulate the ovaries to produce excess androgens.
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Heredity: PCOS can run in families. If your mother or sister has it, your chances of developing it are higher.
Common Symptoms of PCOS
PCOS symptoms usually appear shortly after a girl’s first menstrual period, but sometimes they develop later during the reproductive years. Symptoms can vary from woman to woman and may worsen with obesity.
Here are key signs to watch for:
1. Irregular Periods
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One of the most common signs. Look out for:
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Menstrual cycles longer than 35 days
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Fewer than eight periods per year
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Heavy, prolonged periods
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No menstruation for four months or more
2. Excess Facial and Body Hair
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Unwanted hair growth can occur on the chin, chest, back, abdomen, and even toes.
3. Mood Changes
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PCOS can trigger depression, anxiety, and unexplained mood swings. If you find yourself feeling unusually emotional or down, it could be connected.
4. Acne and Oily Skin
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Deep, painful acne that doesn’t respond well to regular treatment can be a symptom of PCOS, along with persistently oily skin.
5. Insulin-Related Issues
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High insulin levels are often involved in PCOS, which can interfere with normal ovulation and increase the risk of type 2 diabetes over time.
How is PCOS Treated?
Treatment is highly personalized depending on your symptoms and goals, such as managing acne, regulating your cycle, or improving fertility. Some common approaches include:
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Lifestyle Changes: Diet and regular exercise are often recommended to support healthy weight loss and hormone balance.
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Medications: Birth control pills may be prescribed to regulate periods and reduce androgen levels. In some cases, insulin-sensitizing drugs are recommended.
Every case is different, so if you recognize any symptoms, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and a tailored treatment plan.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis and personalized treatment plan.
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