AnnaMaria
What Is Keratosis? Understanding This Common (and Sometimes Sneaky) Skin Condition
If you’ve ever noticed rough patches, small bumps, or waxy growths on your skin, you may have experienced a form of keratosis. It’s more common than most people think—and while some types are harmless, others deserve a closer look.
At its core, keratosis is caused by a buildup of keratin, a protein found in your skin, hair, and nails. This overproduction can lead to areas that feel scaly, thickened, or unusually textured. Some forms are purely cosmetic, but a few can signal something more serious.
Types of Keratosis You Should Know
Not all keratoses are created equal. Here’s a breakdown of the most common types and what they might mean for your skin:
Seborrheic Keratosis
This type is non-cancerous and appears as a brown, black, or tan spot. It often looks waxy or stuck-on—sometimes resembling a wart—and can pop up anywhere on the body. Older adults are especially prone to them, and while they’re harmless, some choose to have them removed for comfort or appearance.
Actinic Keratosis (also called Solar Keratosis)
This one requires more attention. Caused by years of sun exposure, it shows up as rough, dry, or flaky patches—most often on the face, scalp, hands, or arms. Actinic keratoses are considered precancerous, and if untreated, they can turn into squamous cell carcinoma. That’s why early treatment is crucial.
Keratosis Pilaris
You might know this one as “chicken skin.” It causes small, hard bumps on the arms, thighs, cheeks, or buttocks, especially in children and teens. It’s harmless and painless, but it can be frustrating. The good news? It often softens with age and regular skincare.
What Causes Keratosis?
The causes depend on the type—but some common triggers include:
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Sun exposure: The biggest factor behind actinic keratosis
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Genetics: Plays a role in seborrheic keratosis and keratosis pilaris
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Dry skin, hormones, or conditions like eczema: Often linked to keratosis pilaris
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Fair skin or a family history of skin issues: Increases risk across all types
How It’s Diagnosed
Most of the time, a dermatologist can identify keratosis by simply looking at it. But if the spot is changing shape, bleeding, or growing, a skin biopsy might be done to rule out skin cancer.
Treatment Options to Consider
Treatment depends on the type and your comfort level:
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Seborrheic keratosis doesn’t usually need treatment, but can be removed with cryotherapy (freezing), scraping, laser therapy, or electrosurgery
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Actinic keratosis should always be treated. Options include prescription creams (like 5-fluorouracil or imiquimod), photodynamic therapy, chemical peels, or freezing
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Keratosis pilaris is managed at home with moisturizers, exfoliating creams, and ingredients like lactic acid, salicylic acid, or urea
How to Help Prevent Keratosis
While you can’t always avoid it, there are ways to reduce your risk:
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Wear sunscreen daily (SPF 30 or higher)
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Avoid tanning beds and limit midday sun
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Keep your skin hydrated with regular moisturizing
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Examine your skin monthly for any new or changing spots
When It’s Time to See a Doctor
Make an appointment if:
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A spot hurts, bleeds, or changes quickly
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You’re unsure whether it’s benign
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You’d like a lesion removed for comfort or appearance
Understanding keratosis—and the type you may have—can help you take control of your skin health. Whether it’s for peace of mind or practical skincare, knowing what’s normal and what’s not makes all the difference.
As you were.
