What symptoms does HPV cause in the throat?

HPV in the Throat: Signs, Risks, and How to Protect Yourself

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is best known for causing genital warts and cervical cancer, but it can also infect the throat, specifically the oropharynx—the area that includes the tonsils, back of the tongue, and throat walls.
This form, known as oropharyngeal HPV, can pose serious health risks if left untreated.

Common Signs of HPV in the Throat

Many people with HPV in the throat don’t notice symptoms right away. When signs do appear, they may include:

• Persistent sore throat

• Difficulty swallowing

• Hoarseness or changes in voice

• Sensation of something stuck in the throat

• Unexplained ear pain

• Swollen neck glands

• Sudden, unexplained weight loss

How Is Throat HPV Transmitted?

Oropharyngeal HPV is primarily transmitted through oral-genital contact.
Sexual penetration is not required for transmission—deep or prolonged kissing may also spread the virus in certain cases.

How Is It Diagnosed?

Currently, there is no routine screening test for HPV in the throat, so diagnosis depends on the presence of symptoms and further evaluation, including:

• Physical examination by a healthcare provider

• Biopsy of suspicious tissue

• Imaging tests (like CT scans or MRIs) if cancer is suspected

Treatment Options

In many cases, HPV clears on its own without causing major health problems. However, when complications like warts or cancer occur, treatment may include:

• Surgical removal of tumors or lesions

• Radiation therapy, especially in advanced cases

• Chemotherapy, often used alongside radiation for severe conditions

• Immunotherapy, which is under investigation as a way to help the body’s immune system fight the virus

The best protection remains prevention through vaccination. Vaccines such as Gardasil 9 protect against the HPV strains most linked to cancers and warts.

How to Prevent HPV in the Throat

• Get vaccinated early, ideally before becoming sexually active

• Use protection, such as condoms or dental dams, during oral sex

• Maintain good oral hygiene and see a dentist regularly

• Avoid excessive tobacco and alcohol use, both of which increase the risk of HPV-related throat cancers